process of coal extraction upsc

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RSTV: THE BIG PICTURE INDIA'S COAL SECTOR REFORMS InsightsIAS

Introduction: The Centre launched the auction of 41 coal blocks for commercial mining, with the Prime Minister formally giving the green signal and expressed optimism that it will help in reducing dependency on imports. The move is aimed at reviving the auction process, which has remained in limbo with only 31 coal blocks having . Continue reading "RSTV: THE BIG PICTURE INDIA'S COAL ...

Worldwide research on extraction and recovery of cobalt through ...

Cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral whose demand is expected to grow rapidly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of cobalt extraction and recovery research from 2012 to 2021 in the form of bibliometric analysis. The work was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and carried out using the InCites of Clarivate for bibliometric data analysis and the ...

Coal Mines in India UnderUtilised: GEM Report

According to Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Report, India's Coal Mines are severely underutilized amid push for new ones. GEM is a firm that tracks fuelsource utilization globally. It studies the evolving international energy landscape, creating databases, reports, and interactive tools that enhance understanding.

Clean Coal Technologies | Carbon Capture and Storage | CCS World ...

The term 'clean coal' is increasingly being used for supercritical coalfired plants without CCS, on the basis that CO 2 emissions are less than for older plants, but are still much greater than for nuclear or renewables. Some 26% of primary energy needs are met by coal and 37% of electricity is generated from coal, compared with 23% for ...

Coal INSIGHTSIAS

The eligibility criteria has been done away with, and no coal mining experience is required to take part in the auction process. Simplified the process of the mining plan approval process from 90 days to 30 days. Other relevant measures include Promoting coal gasification through rebate in revenue share, and

Coal Mine Auctions | Current Affairs IAS Parliament

India imports around 240 million tonnes (mt) of coal a year valued at about ₹ lakh crore. The 41 mines opened for auction now can hit a peak production of 225 mt in 202526, saving foreign exchange. A High Powered Expert Committee (2017) recommended a shift from the allocation of coal blocks for own consumption to commercial mining.

Coal gasification: INSIGHTSIAS

It is the process of producing syngas, a mixture consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), natural gas (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). During gasification, coal is blown with oxygen and steam while also being heated under high pressure. During the reaction, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce ...

Coal Sector Reforms दृष्टि आईएएस

Unlocking coal mining for private players is a step forward to attain selfreliance in the coal sector. However, for sustainable utilization of coal, there is a need to look into these reforms from a multidimensional viewpoint. Announced Reforms In Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 50 blocks to be offered to the private sector.

Critical Minerals for India दृष्टि आईएएस

UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ) Mains. Q. Despite India being one of the countries of Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss. (2021) Q. "In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development". Discuss ...

Manufactured Sand दृष्टि आईएएस

Coal India Limited (CIL) is making headlines for its innovative solution to the sand shortage problem. The company is using crushed rock fines (crusher dust), sand from Overburden (OB) of coal mines and soil removed during opencast coal mining, to produce Manufactured Sand (MSand). This not only repurposes waste materials but also reduces the ...

Coalbed methane (CBM) INSIGHTSIAS

It is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams. CMB is formed during the process of coalification, the transformation of plant material into coal. ... Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted through CBM extraction. ... revolutionised and simplified the way aspirants prepare for UPSC Civil Services Exam. Today it ...

Coal Sector in India दृष्टि आईएएस

History of Coal Mining in India. India has a long history of commercial coal mining covering nearly 220 years starting from 1774 by M/s Sumner and Heatly of East India Company in the Raniganj Coalfield along the Western bank of river Damodar.; However, for about a century the growth of Indian coal mining remained sluggish for want of demand but the introduction of steam locomotives in 1853 ...

Insights into Editorial: How severe is India's coal crisis, and what is ...

Coal and lignite fired thermal power plants account for about 54 per cent of India's installed power generation capacity but currently account for about 70 per cent of power generated in the country. Importance of Coal to India: Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for 55% of the country's energy needs ...

How India's 'rathole' miners freed 41 tunnel workers BBC

'Rathole' mining was used to extract coal from narrow and deep mines in Meghalaya. In January 2019, some 15 miners lost their lives when they were trapped for more than a month in one such mine.

Coal Block Allocations and the 2015 Bill PRS Legislative Research

The 2015 Bill primarily seeks to allocate the coal mines that were declared illegal by the Supreme Court. It provides details for the auction process, compensation for the prior allottees, the process for transfer of mines and details of authorities that would conduct the auction. In December 2014, the ministry notified the Coal Mines (Special ...

Coal Gasification UPSC Notes History, Process, Underground Coal ...

The method can be used to extract resources that would otherwise be too expensive to extract. It also provides a viable alternative to traditional coal mining techniques. UCG has a lower environmental and social impact than conventional coal mining with gasification, yet environmental issues exist, including the possibility for aquifer pollution.

Coal Mines in India List, Major Coal Fields, Types of Coal

Coal Mines in India Challenges Coal Mining in India is faced with several challenges, including: Environmental degradation: Coal mining has a significant impact on the environment, including air, water, and soil pollution. Mining activities can cause deforestation, soil erosion, land subsidence, and the destruction of wildlife habitats.

What is Commercial Mining? INSIGHTSIAS

Commercial mining allows the private sector to mine coal commercially without placing any enduse restrictions. The private firms have the option of either gasification of the coal or exporting it. They can also use it in their own enduse plants or sell them in the markets. The government expects more than Rs 33,000 crore of capital ...

Oil Refineries in India List, Map, State wise List 2023

UPSC Exam. UPSC Exam; UPSC Exam 2024. UPSC Exam 2024; UPSC Syllabus 2024. ... sector of the oil and gas industry since oil refineries effectively act as the second step in the crude oil production process after the actual extraction of crude oil upstream. Distillation, the first step in the refining process, involves heating crude oil to ...

Balancing Act: RatHole Mining, Bans, and Ethical Quandaries in ...

Rathole mining stands as a distinctive method for extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, particularly prevalent in the region of Meghalaya. The term "rat hole" denotes the small, constricted pits that miners delve into, typically only spacious enough for an individual to descend and procure coal manually. Mining Process:

Comprehensive exploration approach of coal mine water ... Springer

In the process of coal mining, prevention and control of water hazard is essential. It is the precondition for water hazard control to detect and determine the distribution of underground waterconducting channels. In urban environments, traditional methods such as active source seismic exploration and transient electromagnetic exploration commonly used in the field are difficult to carry out ...

Coal Sector in India ClearIAS

Introduction. India has the fourth largest coal reserves in the world. It is estimated to be around billion tonnes of which not even 1 billion tonnes is extracted in a year. The majority of extracted coal is used for electricity production. The remaining coal is used for cement, steel and other industries.

Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Know Its Extraction, Uses, Policy More

Coal bed methane, also known as coal seam gas or coalbed gas, is a form of natural gas recovered from coal beds. It is considered a clean energy source, contributing to its popularity. Countries like the USA, Australia, and Canada have seen significant development of CBM as an energy source. CBM consists of methane adsorbed into the coal matrix ...

Energy Resources, Introduction, Types, Sources Map Study IQ Education

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear energy all use finite raw materials as their primary energy source. Only renewable energy sources like sun, wind, hydro geothermal, and biomass are considered sustainable energy sources. These energy sources are more environmentally responsible and evenly dispersed.

Rat Hole Mining Concerns and challenges UPSC Notes for GS III BYJU'S

Context of Rat Hole Mining. On 13 December, 2018, at least 15 workers were trapped in a 320350 feetdeep coal mine in the East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya after it was flooded by waters of the nearby Lytein river. Rescue operations led by the National Disaster Response Force and the Indian Navy was on the scene to locate the trapped ...

What Is Coal Bed Methane? CBM Extraction Methods | GENERON

Coal bed methane (CBM) is a form of natural gas which can be recovered from coal deposits or coal seams (a coal deposit is a geographical location containing mineable accumulations of coal while a coal seam is entrapment of coal in underlying rock). The gas is formed during the natural conversion of plant material into coal, known as coalification.

Understanding Coal Gasification Process, History, Environmental ...

Coal gasification is a process that converts coal and water into a gas known as syngas. This gas is a combination of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O). In the past, coal gas, also known as "town gas", was made by gasifying coal and was used for heating and lighting in cities before ...

Which gas is obtained during the processing of coal? Toppr

>> Which gas is obtained during the process. Question . Which gas is obtained during the processing of coal? Easy. Open in App. ... Name the products obtained and their uses when coal is processed in industry. Medium. View solution > Coal can be used as a main source of: Medium. View solution > View more. More From Chapter. Coal and Petroleum.

Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Definition and Use BYJU'S

Coal bed methane (CBM) refers to a reserve of natural gas stored in coal seams. It is an unconventional form of natural gas. In this article, we'll discuss Coal Bed Methane, its uses and challenges associated with it in relevance to the IAS Exam.. This topic is important for the UPSC Examination for General Studies Paper 3 Environment and Ecology as CBM is also seen as a clean energy source.

Rat Hole Mining (UPSC Current Affairs) Prepp

It is a primitive and hazardous method of mining for coal. It involves digging of very small narrow tunnels (hence called rat holes), usually 34 feet high, which workers (more often children)enter and extract coal. It is practiced mostly in Northeastern states, especially in Meghalaya because coal seam found in the hilly region is very thin ...

What Is OpenPit Mining? Definition and Environmental Impact Treehugger

Openpit mining is commonly used to extract metallic ores like aluminum, bauxite, copper, gold, copper, and iron as well as nonmetallic ores like coal, uranium, and phosphate. Openpit mining is ...

Mining Sector in India ClearIAS

The mining sector's GDP contribution only swings between % and %, but based on the GDP of the entire industrial sector, it ranges from 10% to 11%. Even smallscale mining adds 6% to the overall cost of mineral production. About 700,000 people have employment chances in the mining sector in India. Also read: Coal Mining in India

Amendment to the Mines and Minerals Act 1957

Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to amend the Second Schedule to the MMDR (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation) Act to specify the royalty rates of certain minerals, including potash, emerald and platinum group of metals. MMDR Act, 1957 regulates the mining sector in India and specifies the requirement for obtaining ...

UPSC Essentials | Mains answer practice — GS 3 (Week 27)

UPSC Essentials will provide some guiding points or ideas as a thought process that will help you to ... — Rat hole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, prevalent in Meghalaya. Advertisement — The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, typically just large enough for one person to ...

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